Circuits

=**CIRCUIT ASSIGNMENT ** =

===**Area of Interaction: Environments ** === ===**Significant Concepts: Basic circuits ** === ===**Unit Question: How have circuits impacted our environments? ** ===

INVESTIGATE: Define the following: Voltage: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">electromotive <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">force or <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">potential <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">difference <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">expressed in <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">__<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|volts] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">Current: <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 16px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">the __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|time] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">rate of flow of <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">electric charge, in __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|the] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">direction that a <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">positive moving charge would take and <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">having <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">magnitude equal <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">tothe <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">quantity <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">of charge <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">per unit time: measured in amperes.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">Resistance: <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 16px;"><span class="varf" style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">Also called <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">__**<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|ohmic resistance.] **__ <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">a property of a conductorby __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|virtue] __<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> of which __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|the] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">passage of current is opposed, <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">causing <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">electric  __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|energy] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">to be transformed into heat: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">equal <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">to the voltage <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">across <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">the conductor divided by the <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">current <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">flowing in the <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">conductor: <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">usually measured in <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">ohms

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">Circuit: <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 16px;"><span class="varf" style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">Also called <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">__**<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|electric circuit.] **__ <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">the complete path of an <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">electric current, including the generating apparatus,intervening resistors, <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">or <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">capacitors.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">Transistors: <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 16px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">a semiconductor <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">device <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">that <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">amplifies,oscillates, or switches __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|the] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">flow of current <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">between twoterminals by varying the current or <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">voltage <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">between one ofthe terminals and a third: although <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">much <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">smaller in sizethan a vacuum  __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|tube] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">, <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">it performs <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">similar <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">functions withoutrequiring current to heat a cathode.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">LEDs: <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 16px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">light-emitting diode: a semiconductor diode that <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">emits light when <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">conducting current and is used <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">in <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">electronic equipment, <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">especiallyfor displaying readings on digital watches, <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">calculators, etc.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">Capacitor: <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 16px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">a device for accumulating and <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">holding a charge of __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|electricity] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">,<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">consisting of two equally charged <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">conducting surfaces havingopposite signs and separated <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">by a dielectric.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">Resistor: <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 16px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">a device designed to introduce <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">__<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|resistance] __ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">into an electric circuit.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">Switch: <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 16px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">a device <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">for turning on or off or directing anelectric current <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">or <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">for <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">making or breaking <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">a <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">circuit.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">Digital Electronics: <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 16px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">The implementation <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">of __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|two-valued logic] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> using electronic __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|logic gates] __<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> such as __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|and gates] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">, __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|or gates] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> and __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|flip-flops] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">. <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">In such circuitsthe logical <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">values true <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">and false are represented by two different __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|voltages] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">, <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">e.g. 0V for <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">false <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">and +5V for true. Similarly, numbersare normally <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">represented in __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|binary] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> using two different voltages torepresented zero and one. <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 16px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">Digital electronics contrasts <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">with __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|analogue] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">electronics whichrepresents continuously varying <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">quantities <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">like sound pressureusing continuously varying <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">voltages. <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 16px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">Digital electronics is the <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">foundation <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">of modern computers and __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|digital communications] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">. <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">Massively <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">complex <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">digital logic circuitswith millions of gates can now be <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">built <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">onto a single __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|integrated circuit] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> such as a __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|microprocessor] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> and these circuits can performmillions of operations per second.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">Integrated Circuit: <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 16px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">a circuit <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">of <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">transistors, <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">resistors, and capacitors constructed on a <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">single semiconductor wafer or chip, in which __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[|the] __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">components are <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">interconnected <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">to <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">perform <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">a <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">given function.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">Binary Code: <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 16px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">the representation <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">of <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">each one <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">of a set of numbers,letters, etc, <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">as <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">a unique sequence of bits, <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: default; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.25em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">as in ASCII

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">How have circuits impacted our environment? they have given us more compact computers and music players, they also make the internet easier to use.

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">Go to the following site and run the circuit construction kit. The site is: <span style="background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; padding-right: 10px;">[|Circuit Link]

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">Using this site, answer the following questions:

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">1. Using one battery, make the light bulb work. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">a. Volts: 9 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">b. Amps: 0.90

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">2. Light two light bulbs with one battery. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">a. Volts: 9 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">b. Amps: 0.90

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">3. Using a switch to light one light bulb. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">a. Volts: 9 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">b. Amps: 0.90

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">4. Use a capacitor with your circuit. (One battery, one bulb) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">a. Volts: 0 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">b. Amps: 0

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">5. Use an inductor in your circuit. (One battery, one bulb) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">a. Volts: it goes up fast but stops at 9 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">b. Amps: it goes up fast but stops at 0.09

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">6. Use an AC Voltage in your circuit. What happens to the current? <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">a. Volts: it goes up and down <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">b. Amps: it goes up and down

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">7. Which items in the grab bag complete the circuit? <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">(One battery, one bulb) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">a. Dollar Bill: no <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">b. Paper clip: yes <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">c. Penny: yes <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">d. Eraser: no <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">e. Pencil lead: no <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">f. Hand: no <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">g. Dog: no

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">8. Use a resistor in your circuit. (One battery, one bulb) <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">a. Volts: 4.50 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">b. Amps: 0.45

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">9. Add two batteries to light one light bulb. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">a. Volts: 18 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">b. Amps: 1.80

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">10. Add three batteries to the circuit. Right click on one of the batteries <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">and change the voltage to 100%. What happens to your batteries? they become on fire <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">a. Volts:117.99 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">b. Amps:11.80

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">11. Make your own circuit <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">a. Volts: 100.00 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">b. Amps: 2.50 <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">c. Explain what happened with your circuit: one battery at a voltage rate of 100 will power 4 lightbulbs that are connected together <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">d. Describe/draw your circuit below:

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">CREATE <span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">Now start your circuit project. Get the materials and instruction from Ms. Bradfield.

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">EVALUATE

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">Answer the Following Questions After You Complete Your Circuit: <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">1. Did you like making the circuit? yes <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">2. What did you like the least about making the circuit? the small parts <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">3. What did you like the best about making the circuit? it was fun <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">4. Using complete sentences, explain how circuits can be applied in the real world. (List three) in ipods, in computers, and in gaming systems

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">5. Were you careful with the circuit, solder, and soldering iron? yes <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">6. Were you respectful and nice to other students? yes <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">7. Did you take a picture of both your circuits and add them to this wiki page? yes

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">ATTITUDE <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">1. Did you have a good attitude answering the questions? Explain: yes i did them nicely and quietly <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">2. Did you have a good attitude making the circuits? Explain: yes because they were fun to make <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">3. Were you a whiny baby during the circuit unit? Explain: no because i tried my hardest and didn't complain.